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Programming language theory (commonly known as PLT) is a branch of computer science which deals with the design, implementation, analysis, characterization, and classification of programming languages and programming language features. It is a multi-disciplinary field, both depending on (and in some cases affecting) mathematics, software engineering, linguistics, and even the cognitive sciences. It is a well-recognized branch of computer science, and as of 2006, an active research area, with results published in numerous journals dedicated to PLT, as well as in general computer science and engineering publications. Most undergraduate computer science programs require coursework in the topic.